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Britain’s worst major train stations for cancellations named

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Britain’s worst major train stations for cancellations named


grey placeholderOli Scarff/Getty Images A crowd of people heading towards ticket barriers at Manchester Victoria station. Oli Scarff/Getty Images

The north west of England had the highest rate of cancelled railway stops across Britain

Manchester Victoria has been the worst of Britain’s busiest railway stations for cancellations so far this year.

About one in 10 of 10,506 scheduled stops were cancelled between January and November 2024, according to National Rail figures collected by train data website On Time Trains.

This contributed to the north-west of England being the region with the highest rate of cancelled railway stops across Britain at 6.5%, with 611,047 cancellations.

The government said it was committed to delivering the biggest overhaul of the railways in a generation, bringing services back into public ownership to reinvest in them.

Meher, 22, a recent graduate from Bolton, has experienced regular cancellations at Manchester Victoria.

She said as a student in Preston, she had probably missed hundreds of hours of university because of train cancellations.

“I think most of the time, we were more stressed about our trains than our work,” she said. “It was mostly at evening time when we were heading back, so we were coming home later than expected and missing quite a bit of mosque.”

Meher said cancelled trains had meant travelling home in the dark more often, adding: “If it’s darker, then it’s much worse and you’re alone as well. It does impact your safety.”

grey placeholderA close-up of Daniel, a young ginger-haired man with facial hair, looking at the camera with a neutral expression. He wears dark-framed glasses and a dark hoodie. Stretching into the distance above him is the metal and glass canopy sticking out from a train station wall. Blurred to the right of him is a section of pavement, railings and road, with a number of pedestrians walking along.

Daniel said train cancellations had affected his university experience

Daniel, 19, who also commutes to university via Manchester Victoria, said he usually aimed to arrive an hour early in anticipation of cancellations disrupting his journey.

Although living at home meant he saved money, he said relying on trains had proven stressful.

“A lot of my friends live on campus and they have it much easier – but I wouldn’t like to pay for accommodation,” he said.

More than three million train stops in Britain have been cancelled from January to November this year – 3.8% of the nearly 83 million scheduled.

This breaks down into a 3.9% cancellation rate in England and Wales and 2.9% in Scotland.

BBC analysis calculated the percentage of scheduled stops with a cancelled arrival and/or departure by using National Rail data collected by On Time Trains.

This differs from the cancellation analysis by the Office of Rail and Road (ORR), which factors in full and partial cancellations, planned timetable changes, strikes and reduced staffing.

Amber, 21, travels from Liverpool Lime Street regularly, but said her train was cancelled about 25% of the time.

“It’s annoying that the minimum service isn’t being adhered to,” she said. “It would be unheard of down south.

“Cities up north have to just deal with it, because there’s no other option.”

Liverpool Lime Street had the 11th highest cancellation rate of any station in Britain, with 12,062 trains (5.9%) cancelled between 1 January and 30 November this year.

Of the 100 railway stations in Britain ranked busiest by the ORR, three of the five worst for cancellations were in Manchester: Manchester Victoria (9.5%), Manchester Oxford Road (8.1%) and Manchester Piccadilly (6.7%).

In England, the regions with the worst overall cancellation rates were the North West on 6.5%, followed by the South West on 4.8% and the North East on 4.6%.

Three of the five areas across Britain with cancellation rates below the overall national rate were in the south or east of England.

grey placeholderCampaign for Better Transport A close-up of Michael Solomon Williams, a man with sandy hair and beard and brown eyes. He is wearing a white shirt and dark suit jacket, and looks at the camera with a neutral expression neutral. The background behind him is blurred.Campaign for Better Transport

Michael Solomon Williams from Campaign for Better Transport said the rail network needed to improve

Michael Solomon Williams, from transport charity Campaign for Better Transport, said passengers in the North had “suffered for far too long”, with “far more” investment made in the South.

“There’s been a case of economic and social inequality which has been directly related to transport inequality over a number of years,” he said.

“We need to invest more in the north than in the south to rebalance things.”

Network Rail manages 20 of Britain’s busiest and biggest stations. It leases the rest to train operating companies who manage them but are not responsible for the punctuality of other operators using the stations.

Rail Delivery Group, which represents National Rail and train operators, said cancellations could be caused by weather, industrial action, trespass and track, train or signalling faults.

It said this was not acceptable and everyone was working hard to ensure train services were reliable and punctual.

grey placeholderEPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock Sign saying 'Manchester Oxford Road' in front of train and tall, narrow clock tower at Manchester Oxford Road station.EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock

Manchester Victoria and Manchester Oxford Road were number one and two for cancellations among Great Britain’s busiest stations

Northern, which manages Manchester Victoria and Manchester Oxford Road stations, said it had been working hard to address train crew availability issues, to improve reliability.

It said a rest day working agreement had been reached with drivers and it would continue to work with the RMT union to find a “new way forward” after conductors recently rejected an offer relating to Sunday working.

The RMT said it was seeking further talks with the company.

The Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that she was concerned by the figures on train cancellations. She said: “I’m not happy about the performance of Northern Rail at the moment.”

She added that the issue with Northern “is related to the availability of train crew specifically on a Sunday”.

“One of the things we’ve had to do there whilst we work through resolving that with the trade union and local workers is we’ve actually decided to reduce the timetable slightly to improve reliability”.

She said that in the new year, the government will be looking at how to reduce reliance on rest day working.

Network Rail, which manages Manchester Piccadilly station but does not run train services, said its job was to “help keep passengers safely on the move”.

It said it understood how frustrating disruption was for passengers and it supported train operators at the station to deliver a reliable service.

A Department for Transport spokesperson said: “Passengers are being let down by poor services, which is why we are committed to delivering the biggest overhaul of the railways in a generation.”

They said bringing services back into public ownership would put passengers at the heart and allow the government to reinvest in railways, while holding operators to account.



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Tributes to nine-year-old killed in Christmas market attack

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Tributes to nine-year-old killed in Christmas market attack


Tributes have been paid to a nine-year-old boy who was killed in an attack on a German Christmas market.

André Gleißner died after a car drove into a crowd of shoppers at the market in Magdeburg on Friday evening, a local fire department said.

A social media post, reportedly attributed to his mother, called André “my little teddy bear” and said he would “always live in our hearts”.

Four women, aged 45, 52, 67 and 75, also died in the attack. Authorities are holding a suspect in pre-trial detention on counts of murder, attempted murder and dangerous bodily harm.

Another tribute came from a fire department in nearby Schöppenstedt.

In a statement it said André was a member of the children’s fire brigade in Warle, which is about an hour’s drive from Magdeburg.

“Our thoughts are with André’s relatives, who we also want to support during this difficult time,” the statement said.

The Lower Saxony youth fire brigade also paid tribute to the nine-year-old.

“Our condolences go out to his family, his friends and everyone who was close to him,” it said in a statement.

“We stand by their side in these difficult times and express our deepest sympathy,” it added.

The attack on Friday left more than 200 people injured, with some left in a critical condition.

The four women who were also killed have not yet been identified.

The car ploughed into the crowded market via an emergency vehicle access lane about 19:00 local time (18:00 GMT) on Friday, police said.

Eyewitnesses described jumping out of the car’s path, fleeing or hiding. Unverified social media footage showed the vehicle speeding through a pedestrian walkway between stalls.

Police said the driver then returned to the road and was forced to stop in traffic, where he was arrested.

Around 100 police, medics and firefighters attended the scene, according to city officials.

A 50-year-old man has been remanded in custody on suspicion of five counts of murder, multiple attempted murders and dangerous bodily harm, police said.

The suspect has been identified in local media as Taleb al-Abdulmohsen, a Saudi-born psychiatrist who arrived in Germany in 2006.

The motive behind the attack remains unclear but authorities say they believe the driver acted alone.

German authorities are facing questions about security after reports they were warned last year that the suspect could pose a threat.

The Saudi foreign ministry said it warned the German government about al-Abdulmohsen’s extremist views, but received no response.



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Feds sue Zelle, alleging that nation’s biggest banks failed to stop fraud

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Feds sue Zelle, alleging that nation’s biggest banks failed to stop fraud


What happens if you get scammed while using Zelle?


What happens if you get scammed while using Zelle?

02:22

Three Major banks and Zelle rushed to bring a peer-to-peer payment network to market without first ensuring users would be protected against “widespread” fraud, alleges a lawsuit filed on Friday by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo ignored customer complaints related to Zelle, with users losing hundreds of millions of dollars in scams, the regulatory agency alleges. Zelle is run by Early Warning Services, which is owned by the three banks named in the CFPB’s suit, along with four other financial institutions. 

According to the CFPB, bank customers have lost more than $870 million over the seven years Zelle has been in operation. Early Warning and the three banks named in the complaint hastily created the payments network to head off rival payment apps including Venmo and CashApp without adequately protecting end users, the suit alleges.  

“The nation’s largest banks felt threatened by competing apps, so they rushed to put out Zelle,” Rohit Chopra, the CFPB’s director, said in a statement. “By their failing to put in place proper safeguards, Zelle became a gold mine for fraudsters, while often leaving victims to fends for themselves.” 

Zelle blasted the CFPB’s accusations as “legally and factually flawed,” with a spokesperson also suggesting the timing of the suit was “driven by political factors unrelated” to the company.

“The CFPB’s headline-grabbing number is misleading, as many reported fraud claims are not found to involve actual fraud after investigation,” the Zelle spokesperson said of the agency’s more than $870 million loss figure.

JPMorgan also accused the agency of pursuing a “political agenda,” stating that the agency was “overreaching its authority by making banks accountable for criminals, even including romance scammers.” 

JPMorgan Chase said it prevents nearly $20 billion in fraud attempts each year, and that 99.95% of its transactions are completed without dispute. 

A spokesperson for Wells Fargo declined to comment. Bank of America did not immediately respond to a request for comment. 

Offered by more than 2,200 banks and credit unions, Zelle has more than 143 million users in the U.S., according to the suit. Customers transferred a total of $481 billion in conducting 1.7 billion transactions during the first half of 2024, the CFPB noted. 


Coral Gables woman out more than $3,000 after scammers trick her using Zelle

03:20

Hundreds of thousands of customers filed fraud complaints and were denied assistance by Zelle and the three banks, according to the suit, which noted that some people were advised to contact those behind the fraud to get their money back.

Zelle “has been slow to implement anti-fraud measures, including closing accounts accused of fraud,” Jaret Seiberg, an analyst with TD Cowen Washington Research Group, said in a report, pointing to the CFPB’s allegations. “It also permitted the registration of emails that were impersonating legitimate entities, including Zelle itself.”

Since Zelle launched in 2017, according to the CFPB, JPMorgan Chase received 420,00 customer complaints involving more than $360 million; Bank of America heard from 210,000 customers with more than $290 million in fraud losses; and Wells Fargo tallied $220 million in fraud losses by 280,000 people.

“These troubling alleged practices need to be addressed by all parties as quickly as possible,” Mike Litt, consumer campaign director at US PIRG, a consumer advocacy group. “It’s crucial that in our increasingly cashless age, we have digital financial systems that the public can trust and use without fear of losing their money.” 

In 2023 Early Warning began refunding money to an undisclosed number of fraud victims amid pressure from lawmakers. In late 2022, Sen. Elizabeth Warren issued a report that found increasing incidents of fraud and scams to be occurring on the popular payment app, with large banks typically reluctant to compensate victims, the Massachusetts Democrat said. 



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Study maps bed bugs’ genomes in unprecedented detail to find out why they just won’t die

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Study maps bed bugs’ genomes in unprecedented detail to find out why they just won’t die


Study maps bed bugs' genomes in unprecedented detail to find out why they just won't die
The number of mutation sites per transcript is shown by circles. (b–g) Mutation sites of candidate resistance genes are shown with different amino acids. “Susceptible” refers to the susceptible strain sequenced in this study and Clec2.1 (pre-existing genome sequence of bed bugs). Gene IDs are indicated by ‘g’ followed by a number, and transcript variations are denoted by ‘t’ followed by a number. In (b), two mutated sites corresponded to the sites of 925 in housefly Musca domestica. Credit: Kouhei Toga/Hiroshima University

Scientists mapped near-gap-free and near-error-free genomes of a susceptible bed bug strain and a superstrain around 20,000 times more insecticide-resistant, offering the broadest look yet at the full scope of their resistance mutations.

Their findings were published in the journal Insects.

Although there is no evidence that bed bugs transmit diseases to humans, their bites can cause itchy rashes and secondary skin infections. Widespread use of insecticides, including the now-banned DDT, nearly wiped out populations of these blood-sucking insects by the 1960s, making infestations rare. But over the past 20 years, the world has witnessed their resurgence, partly due to resistance mutations they developed against these insecticides.

Resistance can occur through different mechanisms, such as by producing enzymes that detoxify the insecticides (metabolic resistance) or developing thicker outer layers to block the chemicals (penetration resistance). Past studies have identified some of the mutations and gene expressions linked to insecticide resistance. However, the full extent of mutations driving resistance remains unknown as no research has sequenced the whole genome of insecticide-resistant strains.

A research team led by Hidemasa Bono, professor at Hiroshima University’s (HU) Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, mapped genomes of susceptible and resistant bed bug strains from Japan to address this gap. They obtained susceptible strains descended from wild bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) collected 68 years ago in fields at Isahaya City, Nagasaki.

Meanwhile, the resistant strains were bred from specimens collected from a Hiroshima City hotel in 2010. Their tests revealed that the resistant samples had 19,859-fold stronger resistance to pyrethroids—the most commonly used insecticide for bed bug control—exceeding levels seen in many previously identified superstrains. All the specimens were provided by Fumakilla Limited, a Japan-based chemical manufacturing company.

Piecing together the genome puzzle

Sequencing a genome is like assembling a massive jigsaw puzzle, spanning anywhere from about 160,000 to 160 billion pieces. To map the most complete bed bug genomes to date, researchers used the breakthrough method of long-read sequencing, which captures longer stretches of DNA—akin to having entire sections of puzzle pieces put together. Traditional short-read sequencing, by contrast, only covers tiny snippets, often leading to frustrating gaps.

The researchers assembled a near-total picture of the two genomes with just about every piece precisely where it belonged, achieving 97.8% completeness and quality value (QV) of 57.0 for the susceptible strain and 94.9% completeness and QV of 56.9 for the resistant strain. A QV above 30 indicates high-quality sequences with less than a 0.1% error rate. Both also surpassed the N50 value of the existing C. lectularius reference genome, Clec2.1, from a previous sequencing effort, meaning there were fewer gaps and more complete sections of the genome puzzle.

Known, new resistance mutations uncovered

After fully sequencing the genomes, the team identified protein-coding genes, determined their functions, and assessed if they were active through transcriptional analysis. They uncovered 3,938 transcripts with amino acid mismatches. Of these, 729 mutated transcripts were linked to insecticide resistance.

“We determined the genome sequence of insecticide-resistant bed bugs, which exhibited 20,000-fold greater resistance compared to susceptible bed bugs. By comparing the amino acid sequences between the susceptible and resistant bed bugs, we identified 729 transcripts with resistance-specific mutations,” said study first author Kouhei Toga, postdoctoral researcher at the Laboratory of Genome Informatics of HU’s Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life.

“These transcripts included genes related to DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, insulin metabolism, and lysosome functions. This suggests that these molecular pathways may play a role in the development of pyrethroid resistance in bed bugs.”

By drawing on previous insect studies, the researchers confirmed known resistance mutations and discovered new ones that could inform more targeted and effective pest control strategies.

“We identified a large number of genes likely involved in insecticide resistance, many of which have not been previously reported as being associated with resistance in bedbugs. Genome editing of these genes could provide valuable insights into the evolution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance,” Toga said.

“Additionally, this study expands the pool of target genes for monitoring allele distribution and frequency changes, which could contribute significantly to assessing resistance levels in wild populations. This work highlights the potential of genome-wide approaches in understanding insecticide resistance in bed bugs.”

Other research team members include Fumiko Kimoto and Hiroki Fujii.

More information:
Kouhei Toga et al, Genome-Wide Search for Gene Mutations Likely Conferring Insecticide Resistance in the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Insects (2024). DOI: 10.3390/insects15100737

Citation:
Study maps bed bugs’ genomes in unprecedented detail to find out why they just won’t die (2024, December 17)
retrieved 22 December 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-12-bed-bugs-genomes-unprecedented-wont.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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Arctic Siberia summers were up to 10°C warmer than today during the Last Interglacial, study finds

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Arctic Siberia summers were up to 10°C warmer than today during the Last Interglacial, study finds


Arctic Siberia summers were up to 10°C warmer than today during the Last Interglacial, study finds
Modeled monthly mean temperature of the coldest (MTCO, top row) and the warmest month (MTWA, middle row), plus mean annual precipitation (MAP, bottom row). Credit: Schirrmeister et al., 2024.

Interglacials are, as the name suggests, warm periods between planetary glaciations when the expanse of ice on Earth shrinks. Currently, we are in an 11,000 year-long interglacial period known as the Holocene. Prior to this, the Last Interglacial occurred between 115,000 and 130,000 years ago.

During this time, Earth experienced summers that were almost completely ice-free and there was significant vegetation growth in polar regions, changing the ecosystems for life to flourish. Scientists can look to this Last Interglacial as a potential analog for future global warming.

Indeed, new research, currently under review for publication in the Climate of the Past journal, has turned to the geological record of the Arctic to understand how terrestrial environments responded to the warmer world. Here, warming was amplified compared to the rest of the northern hemisphere due to ice albedo feedbacks, whereby solar insolation melted ice sheets, reducing the amount of radiation reflected back out to space and causing further warming, creating a positive feedback loop.

Dr. Lutz Schirrmeister, of the Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research in Germany, and colleagues have turned to particular landscapes generated in areas experiencing permafrost, where the ground has remained frozen for at least two years.

Thermokarst topography is unique to such regions, characterized by hollows and hummocks that form when ice-rich permafrost thaws and the surface slumps due to a lack of ice in the pore spaces between sediments. Nowadays, these depressions also fill with water, producing thermokarst lakes.

Dr. Schirrmeister and the team investigated coastal sections along the Dmitry Laptev Strait, Siberia, via sediment cores drilled during fieldwork between 1999 and 2014, which preserve alternating layers of peaty plant matter with clays and silts. These distinctive layers represent the changing landscape through time between shallower boggy terrain where plants could grow, to deeper lake deposits. Today, the study area is a mixture of drier tundra with substantial plant growth, grasses and wetlands underlain by 400–600m of permafrost.

From these cores, the scientists used a combination of sediment analysis with fossil remains of plants (pollen, leaves and stems), insects (beetles and midges), crustaceans (ostracods) and animals (water fleas and mollusks) to reconstruct the paleoenvironment.

Combined with modeling, this data highlights that steppe or tundra-steppe (grassland and low-growing shrubs) environments prevailed in the area at the beginning of the Last Interglacial, but that birch and larch forests proliferated during the middle of the event, with the treeline being 270km north of its current position during the peak.

The researchers ultimately identified up to 10°C more summer warming in northern Siberia during the Last Interglacial compared to summers today, with fossilized plant material suggesting that mean temperatures of the warmest month could have reached 15°C, while fossil beetles indicate the coldest temperature may have been -38°C. Today, the respective mean temperatures are approximately 3°C and -34°C.

Having said this, in June 2020, the town of Verkhoyansk in Russia measured the highest temperature ever recorded above the Arctic Circle at 38°C, while the lowest temperature recorded is -69°C in Greenland. While these were anomalous, the continued changing climate highlights the need to look to the past to inform the future, when such conditions could become more common.

Dr. Schirrmeister notes that while the Last Interglacial warming mostly impacted summer temperatures, future climate change is expected to more broadly impact winter months due to anthropogenic activity. Nevertheless, ice sheet retreat, loss of sea ice and melting permafrost are all observed in the Arctic today, highlighting the importance of continued research into the sensitivity of Earth to rising temperatures during the Last Interglacial.

More information:
Lutz Schirrmeister et al, Newly dated permafrost deposits and their paleo-ecological inventory reveal a much warmer-than-today Eemian in Arctic Siberia, Climate of the Past (2024). DOI: 10.5194/cp-2024-74

© 2024 Science X Network

Citation:
Arctic Siberia summers were up to 10°C warmer than today during the Last Interglacial, study finds (2024, December 19)
retrieved 22 December 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-12-arctic-siberia-summers-10c-warmer.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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